{"id":3358,"date":"2023-08-24T13:56:44","date_gmt":"2023-08-24T11:56:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.factgrid.de\/?p=3358"},"modified":"2023-08-24T13:56:44","modified_gmt":"2023-08-24T11:56:44","slug":"a-factgrid-vocabulary-of-types-of-functional-texts","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/factgrid-tools.geschichte.uni-halle.de\/blog\/archives\/3358","title":{"rendered":"A FactGrid vocabulary of types of functional texts after Eckard Rolf"},"content":{"rendered":"<p align=\"right\"><a href=\"https:\/\/factgrid-tools.geschichte.uni-halle.de\/blog\/archives\/3061\">auf Deutsch<\/a><\/a><\/p>\n<table width=\"100%\" bgcolor=\"#ECF1FF\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 30px\"><strong>The data set in basic queries:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The presently collected types of functional texts in German, English, French, and Spanish with Eckard Rolf\u2019s bottom-line classifications <a href=\"https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/27ctrfam\">https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/27ctrfam<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.entitree.com\/factgrid\/en\/Eckard_Rolf_class_of_functional_text_types\/Q515351\">EntiTree visualisation of the structural hierarchy proposed by Eckard Rolf<\/a><\/li>\n<li>The \u201cqualities of speech acts\u201d that can define searches on the P912 Property <a href=\"https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/25uf6h4d\">https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/25uf6h4d<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Eckard Rolf&#8217;s list of (2055) genres as published in 1993, in German <a href=\"https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/2elvdm7u\">https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/2elvdm7u<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Wikidata and GND matching so far: <a href=\"https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/284jbjhc\">https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/284jbjhc<\/a><\/li>\n<li>\n<hr \/>\n<p>FactGrid-ID <a href=\"https:\/\/database.factgrid.de\/wiki\/Item:Q515235\">Q515235<\/a> \/ BARTOC-ID <a href=\"https:\/\/bartoc.org\/en\/node\/20433\">20433<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>The links above give access to our first controlled vocabulary on FactGrid: \u201cThe FactGrid vocabulary of types of functional texts.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Types of <em>functional<\/em> texts are not a matter of course. The corresponding genres of <em>literary<\/em> texts are, with all the problems discussed in the literary debate, far better known. The genres of <em>functional<\/em> texts are less controversial, but also less comprehensive. You find them in any mass of public records in the form of \u201cinsurance policies,\u201d \u201cinterrogation protocols,&#8221; and \u201cschool reports,\u201d to the odd \u201cdelousing certificate.\u201d They do their jobs \u2013 so why collect the terms?<\/p>\n<p>The technical answer is that Wikibase is software that invites you to use very specific vocabularies. You can run SPARQL queries on these specific terms and they will retrieve the \u201cdelousing certificate\u201d in the mass of data, and you can, with very simple switches, bring far broader fields into view. The reduction to fields is the first step into statistics. If you can bring the variety under broader headings you can get a quick view of any vast production in your table. The vocabularies you need for this purpose have to be more than just lists of words. They need categorisations, common denominators above the words, ontologies.<\/p>\n<h2>A linguist&#8217;s perspective and data model<\/h2>\n<p>Our \u201cVocabulary of types of functional texts\u201d has the required structural depth to allow statistical analysis and the broader analysis of larger bodies of texts. So far it is based primarily on the two Properties P894 \u201cEckard Rolf class of functional text types\u201d and P912 \u201cSpeech act qualities.\u201d The analysis is under both properties based on Eckard Rolf&#8217;s <i>Die Funktionen der Gebrauchstextsorten<\/i> (Berlin\/ New York, 1993). Tobias Christ asked for the import of this vocabulary and its inherent structure for a project on functional texts of Germany&#8217;s Nazi era. He will explore handbooks for the organisers of Hitler Youth camps, official directives on the insignia of uniforms, etc. Rolf\u2019s book is immensely practical with its in-depth analysis of 2055 terms arranged here in the five branches of illocutionary acts. Types of functional texts, under this premise, are essentially illocutionary speech acts as proposed by Austin and Searle in the 1950s and 1960 in their five branches:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>assertives<\/strong> = speech acts that commit a speaker to the truth of the expressed proposition,<\/li>\n<li><strong>directives<\/strong> = speech acts that are to cause the hearer to take a particular action, e.g. requests, commands and advice,<\/li>\n<li><strong>commissives<\/strong> = speech acts that commit a speaker to some future action, e.g. promises and oaths,<\/li>\n<li><strong>expressives<\/strong> = speech acts that express on the speaker&#8217;s attitudes and emotions towards the proposition, e.g. congratulations, excuses and thanks<\/li>\n<li><strong>declarations<\/strong> = speech acts that change the reality in accord with the proposition of the declaration, e.g. baptisms, pronouncing someone guilty or pronouncing someone husband and wife<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u2026thus the Wikipedia article <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Illocutionary_act\">illocutionary acts<\/a>. Rolf deployed three further layers underneath this basic differentiation: two layers (of more or less specific) options on how the respective aims can be achieved and the fourth layer of situational conditions. The \u201cdelousing certificate\u201d is under this matrix a \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/2cmmmpor\">declarative statement<\/a>\u201d (a person is \u201cdeclared\u201d to be free of lice after the required treatment). The certificate will add a \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/25qlw4x2\">personal dimension<\/a>\u201d to the bearer of the certificate \u2013 he or she will be free again to interact with others with the legitimation of the certificate. The statement is finally \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/26u4q6nr\">body related<\/a>.\u201d Rolf created 100 groups under these four layers. The \u201cdelousing certificate\u201d is in group \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/2yovwmko\">DECLA 12<\/a>\u201d together with the \u201callergy passport\u201d or the \u201cvaccination certificate.&#8221; Other types of texts do different things differently: A \u201cdoctoral thesis\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/26cwxwrd\">ASS 24<\/a>) is an \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/2bca6agp\">assertive<\/a>\u201d \u2013 it commits the speaker to the truth of his or her exploration. The work is supposed to be \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/2679qhyo\">descriptive<\/a>\u201d and \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/database.factgrid.de\/wiki\/Item:Q534702\">argumentative<\/a>.&#8221; The author will hand in this work with the \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/2746wv82\">intention to gain a specific qualification<\/a>.&#8221; Neighbouring types of texts such as the \u201cbook review\u201d share some but not all features: Book reviews are again \u201cassertives\u201d and \u201cdescriptive\u201d but without the author&#8217;s intention to gain a specific qualification with them. Their focus lies on a \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/29f2o44x\">judgment<\/a>\u201d they pass.<\/p>\n<p>The following search gives the entire vocabulary in the four languages that are presently fully supported with Eckard Rolf&#8217;s primary classes and their basic categorisation:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Types of functional texts, generic terms in German, English, French, Spanish with Eckard Rolf&#8217;s bottom-line classification <a href=\"https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/27ctrfam\">https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/27ctrfam<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The actual set of words is \u2013 especially on its German side \u2013 larger than the set of items. Rolf had separated terms like \u201cJagdschein\u201d and \u201cJagdkarte\u201d \u2013 in this case to have the German and the Austrian terms. In English both things are \u201chunting permits\u201d unless we decide to offer individual\u00a0 hunting permits all around the world. In other cases the differences were stylistic, created by registers that could not be reproduced in English, French, or Spanish. We eventually reduced the set to objects of essentially the same meaning. About 200 words are now variants in the alias sections and on the P34 \u201cnaming\u201d Property where they can attract explanations of their proper use.<\/p>\n<p>Eckard Rolf presented his original 2055 terms together with a series of structural overviews. Tobias Christ offered a <a href=\"https:\/\/factgrid-tools.geschichte.uni-halle.de\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Klassifikation-der-Gebrauchstextsorten-nach-Rolf-1993-mit-Beispielen.pdf\">condensed PDF-version of these visualisations in a single tree structure<\/a>. You can use the EntiTree App to show rhis structure on your screen:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.entitree.com\/factgrid\/en\/Eckard_Rolf_class_of_functional_text_types\/Q515351\">EntitTree visualisation of the structural hierarchy proposed by Eckard Rolf<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Any of the nodes in the representation can determine a specific query of the terms at the end of the ensuing ramification. This is the complete list of speech act qualities searchable on the P912 Property of \u201cQualities of speech acts\u201d:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>All FactGrid \u201cQualities of speech acts\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/25uf6h4d\">https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/25uf6h4d<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>It is just as easy to generate statistics on each structural level. Here is the visualisation of the top level in a bar chart:<\/p>\n<p>The following four searches give the scripts for each level (the level difference is determined with the Q-Item in line 8):<\/p>\n<ol start=\"1\" type=\"1\">\n<li>The five illocutionary purposes of speech acts <a href=\"https:\/\/database.factgrid.de\/query\/index.html#%23defaultView%3ABarChart%0ASELECT%20%3FLevelLabel%20%28count%28distinct%28%3Fitem%29%29%20as%20%3Fcount%29%20WHERE%20%7B%0A%0ASELECT%20%3Fitem%20%3FitemLabel%20%3FLevel%20%3FLevelLabel%20WHERE%20%7B%0A%20%20SERVICE%20wikibase%3Alabel%20%7B%20bd%3AserviceParam%20wikibase%3Alanguage%20%22en%22.%20%7D%0A%20%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP124%20wd%3AQ514322.%0A%20%20OPTIONAL%20%7B%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP912%20%3FLevel.%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3FLevel%20wdt%3AP912%20wd%3AQ538467%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%7D%0A%7D%0A%7D%20group%20by%20%3FLevelLabel\">Q538467<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Division by general way to achieve the purpose <a href=\"https:\/\/database.factgrid.de\/query\/index.html#%23defaultView%3ABarChart%0ASELECT%20%3FLevelLabel%20%28count%28distinct%28%3Fitem%29%29%20as%20%3Fcount%29%20WHERE%20%7B%0A%0ASELECT%20%3Fitem%20%3FitemLabel%20%3FLevel%20%3FLevelLabel%20WHERE%20%7B%0A%20%20SERVICE%20wikibase%3Alabel%20%7B%20bd%3AserviceParam%20wikibase%3Alanguage%20%22en%22.%20%7D%0A%20%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP124%20wd%3AQ514322.%0A%20%20OPTIONAL%20%7B%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP912%20%3FLevel.%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3FLevel%20wdt%3AP912%20wd%3AQ538468%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%7D%0A%7D%0A%7D%20group%20by%20%3FLevelLabel\">Q538468<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Division by specific way to achieve the purpose <a href=\"https:\/\/database.factgrid.de\/query\/index.html#%23defaultView%3ABarChart%0ASELECT%20%3FLevelLabel%20%28count%28distinct%28%3Fitem%29%29%20as%20%3Fcount%29%20WHERE%20%7B%0A%0ASELECT%20%3Fitem%20%3FitemLabel%20%3FLevel%20%3FLevelLabel%20WHERE%20%7B%0A%20%20SERVICE%20wikibase%3Alabel%20%7B%20bd%3AserviceParam%20wikibase%3Alanguage%20%22en%22.%20%7D%0A%20%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP124%20wd%3AQ514322.%0A%20%20OPTIONAL%20%7B%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP912%20%3FLevel.%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3FLevel%20wdt%3AP912%20wd%3AQ538469%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%7D%0A%7D%0A%7D%20group%20by%20%3FLevelLabel\">Q538469<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Division by primary conditions of speech acts <a href=\"https:\/\/database.factgrid.de\/query\/index.html#%23defaultView%3ABarChart%0ASELECT%20%3FLevelLabel%20%28count%28distinct%28%3Fitem%29%29%20as%20%3Fcount%29%20WHERE%20%7B%0A%0ASELECT%20%3Fitem%20%3FitemLabel%20%3FLevel%20%3FLevelLabel%20WHERE%20%7B%0A%20%20SERVICE%20wikibase%3Alabel%20%7B%20bd%3AserviceParam%20wikibase%3Alanguage%20%22en%22.%20%7D%0A%20%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP124%20wd%3AQ514322.%0A%20%20OPTIONAL%20%7B%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP912%20%3FLevel.%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3FLevel%20wdt%3AP912%20wd%3AQ538470%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%7D%0A%7D%0A%7D%20group%20by%20%3FLevelLabel\">Q538470<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>The searches above cover the entire terminological set so they can now be run on any specific body of texts.<\/p>\n<h2>The open tool<\/h2>\n<p>The FactGrid database version of Eckard Rolf\u2019s structural analysis should turn the book&#8217;s considerations into an immensely practical tool ready to download into any other software environment and ready to be expanded on FactGrid. New types will not compromise the original set \u2013 it remains intact through the statement P124+Q514322 (\u201clisted in Eckard Rolf, <i>Die Funktionen der Gebrauchstextsorten<\/i>\u201d) that is made on every individual word:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The 2055 German generic categories Eckard Rolf listed in 1993 <a href=\"https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/2elvdm7u\">https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/2elvdm7u<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The best way to add a new term is to find neighbouring terms and to adopt their statements. FactGrid already had a couple of candidates, such as the popular \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/database.factgrid.de\/wiki\/Item:Q388521\">Briefsteller<\/a>\u201d (the \u201cletter writer&#8217;s guide\u201d) of the German 18th century, or the \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/database.factgrid.de\/wiki\/Item:Q10508\">Quibus Licet<\/a>\u201d (the letter which Illuminati had to hand in every month to stay in contact with the \u201cunknown superiors\u201d).<\/p>\n<p>Our first \u201ccontrolled vocabulary\u201d is with these preliminary remarks still very much of an experiment. \u2014<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>It will be interesting to offer the generic terms also as \u201cLexemes\u201d: \u2014 Wikibase Lexemes are special entities that organise individual words in their languages.<\/li>\n<li>The French and Spanish labels in particular are still very artificial translations \u2013 we should have original terms for each of these items as referenced in historical documents.<\/li>\n<li>The present vocabulary is not yet matched with external databases. Wikidata and the GND are the two most urgent data partners here. The following search gives the matching so far: <a href=\"https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/284jbjhc\">https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/284jbjhc<\/a><\/li>\n<li>The linguist&#8217;s categorisation should be seen as one option to make sense of all these terms. One can easily think of other qualities of speech acts. In our preliminary talk Rolf proposed to explore, for instance, the assumed-sincerity dimension in many of these speech acts. \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/database.factgrid.de\/wiki\/Item:Q515366\">Lip service<\/a>\u201d was his example \u2013 a speech act where the \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/database.factgrid.de\/wiki\/Item:Q523046\">honesty of the emittent is unclear or doubtful.&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0One can just as well create completely independent properties on features of genres beyond the linguist&#8217;s interest.<\/li>\n<li>We should eventually expand this work. A vocabulary of genres in all the arts and literature would be of interest here. One would balance such a vocabulary with a particular vocabulary of &#8220;historical generic terms.&#8221; (I remember, I once wrote a 700 page book with a plea to explore these terminologies in all their &#8220;deficiencies.&#8221; The deficiencies, so I proposed back then, were usually the first indications that people were not doing the things we are doing with works of \u201cart\u201d and \u201cliterature\u201d in our debates. We might question our keenness on succinct definitions in these particular fields, so my thought ages ago; we do not really define words in order to settle debates, we are always far more interested in the destabilisation the definition will actually produce \u2013 but that is already a topic for a very different blog post.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr>\n<p>Published as part of the NFDI4Memory Task Area &#8220;Data Connectivity&#8221;, Historical Data Center Halle, project number 501609550.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>auf Deutsch The data set in basic queries: The presently collected types of functional texts in German, English, French, and Spanish with Eckard Rolf\u2019s bottom-line classifications https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/27ctrfam EntiTree visualisation of the structural hierarchy proposed by Eckard Rolf The \u201cqualities of speech acts\u201d that can define searches on the P912 Property https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/25uf6h4d Eckard Rolf&#8217;s list of &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/factgrid-tools.geschichte.uni-halle.de\/blog\/archives\/3358\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;A FactGrid vocabulary of types of functional texts after Eckard Rolf&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3368,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[53,86,107,112,146,154,155,156,196,208,228,382],"ppma_author":[458],"class_list":["post-3358","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-general","tag-bartoc-database","tag-controlled-vocabulary","tag-eckard-rolf","tag-entitree-app","tag-functional-text-types","tag-generic-terms","tag-genre-theory","tag-genres","tag-illocutionary-act","tag-j-l-austin","tag-john-searle","tag-speech-act-theory"],"authors":[{"term_id":458,"user_id":2,"is_guest":0,"slug":"olaf-simons","display_name":"Olaf Simons","avatar_url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/7f4bc93b104af795a22b94e31e2ff94f30ddfc715979bbb35c8525b0cf8f5e03?s=96&d=mm&r=g","author_category":"","first_name":"Olaf","last_name":"Simons","user_url":"","job_title":"","description":""}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/factgrid-tools.geschichte.uni-halle.de\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3358","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/factgrid-tools.geschichte.uni-halle.de\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/factgrid-tools.geschichte.uni-halle.de\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/factgrid-tools.geschichte.uni-halle.de\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/factgrid-tools.geschichte.uni-halle.de\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3358"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/factgrid-tools.geschichte.uni-halle.de\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3358\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/factgrid-tools.geschichte.uni-halle.de\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3368"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/factgrid-tools.geschichte.uni-halle.de\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3358"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/factgrid-tools.geschichte.uni-halle.de\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3358"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/factgrid-tools.geschichte.uni-halle.de\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3358"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/factgrid-tools.geschichte.uni-halle.de\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=3358"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}